Design for Static and Dynamic Loading

Static load: A static load is gradually applied to a mechanical component whose magnitude or direction is independent of the time.

Modes of failure: A mechanical component failure may be the result of any one of the following failure modes.

(i). Failure by elastic deflection

(ii). Failure by general yielding

(iii). Failure by fracture

Stress: Stress is defined as an intensity or magnitude of an internal resisting force developed at a point under given load.

unit=Force/Area=N/m²

Strength is defined as the maximum or limiting value of stress that a material can withstand without any failure or fracture.

Types of Materials:

(a). Homogenous material: Same elastic properties at any point in a given directions [ie., elastic properties are independent of point].

(b). Isotropic Material: Same elastic properties in any direction at a given

point [independent of direction].

©. Anisotropic Material: Exhibit direction dependent elastic property.

(d). Orthotropic Material: Exhibits different elastic properties in orthogonal directions at a given point.

Shear Stress: If the external force on a component in applied in such a way that it tends to slide the adjacent planes relative to each other, then resulting stresses induced are called shear stresses.

Factor of safety (FOS): It should be kept in mind while designing a component that it should have sufficient excessive strength to prevent any failure due to the accident. Thus, it is obtained by considering a suitable factor of safety (FOS).

The factor of safety is defined as:

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